Unlocking Discovery in International Arbitration: Creative Strategies After ZF Automotive

By Robert Cimmino and Aseel Zimmo

The Supreme Court’s ZF Automotive decision has thrown a wrench into the gears of international arbitration, significantly limiting access to U.S. discovery under 28 U.S.C.A. ยง 1782 for private commercial disputes. However, declarations of its demise may be premature. This article argues that ZF Automotive is not an insurmountable barrier but a call for careful contract drafting and sophisticated lawyering. This article dissects the ruling’s implications and reveals potent, albeit less direct, methods for securing vital evidence in the U.S.โ€”from piggybacking on parallel litigation and exploiting the โ€œreasonable contemplationโ€ standard to artfully drafting arbitration clauses and leveraging state laws as well as institutional rules. It is not a list of workarounds, but a reminder that early planning, creativity, tailored applications, and coordination with co-counsel, while adhering to ethical boundaries, are essential for obtaining evidence in cross-border disputes and defending against unscrupulous attempts to acquire evidence for use in international arbitration.

Read the full article in the Uniform Commercial Code Law Journal.

โ€œUnlocking Discovery in International Arbitration: Creative Strategies After ZF Automotive,โ€ 52 No. 1 UCC L. J. ART 3, September 2025.